PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.